mFRR

mFRR (manual Frequency Restoration Reserve) is one of the system services used in the power sector to restore frequency balance in the transmission system.

Key features of mFRR:

• The reserve is activated at the request of the transmission system operator (in Poland, this is PSE – Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne).
• The activation process requires human intervention (a manual command from the operator), as opposed to automatic reserves like aFRR (automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve).
• mFRR should be activated within a specified time after the order is issued, typically within 15-30 minutes.

Main purpose of mFRR:

The primary goal of mFRR is to restore the balance between electricity demand and supply after disruptions (e.g., a sudden drop in generation or an increase in energy consumption). It helps bring the system frequency back to its nominal value (usually 50 Hz).

Application in balancing:

mFRR is activated when automatic reserves are unable to restore balance on their own. It is one of the key reserves used by transmission system operators to ensure the reliability of electricity supply and the stability of the power system.